Include and require are both used to insert the content of one PHP file into another PHP file. These two functions are identical. What makes the difference is the way they handle errors.

If an error occurs, the include() function generates a warning, but the script will continue execution. The require() generates a fatal error, and the script will stop. That is why it is recommended to use the require() function instead of include().

Actually this is a simple thing, but many people still asking for it. “I’m trying to pass a variable in the url, but why it only passes the first word?”

The reason is you can’t pass spaces in URLs. Use rawurlencode() or urlencode to convert the spaces and other symbols into something that can be passed through the url.

$var = “Hello World”;
location = “page.php?var=” . urlencode($var);

While working with session in php I got the following error ‘A session had already been started’. This happened when I included a php file at the top of each page. The included file contained code that do the session_start() and check for the session.

After searching the web, I got the following solutions:

• You can use the following logic to only start a session if it has not already been started – PHP Code:
  if(!isset($_SESSION)) { session_start(); }
• You can also just suppress the error message with @ – PHP Code:
  @session_start();
  It won’t do any harm if it fails, it’s a notice, it’s not even a warning, let alone a fatal error. PHP is letting you know, just in case somethings going on that shouldnt be or that you dont know about.

Have another solution? Just let me know!